Durex எப்படி வாங்குவது மற்றும் தேர்வு செய்வது? Durex How to buy and choose? இளமை ஊஞ்சல்..

Barrier contraceptives, including condoms, are methods used to prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by physically blocking sperm from reaching the egg. Here’s an overview:

### **Types of Barrier Contraceptives:**

1. **Condoms:**
- **Male Condoms:** Worn over the penis, male condoms are typically made of latex, polyurethane, or polyisoprene. They are one of the most commonly used barrier methods.
- **Female Condoms:** Worn inside the vagina, female condoms are made of nitrile or latex. They are an alternative for those who prefer not to use male condoms.

2. **Diaphragms:**
- A diaphragm is a shallow, dome-shaped cup made of silicone that is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus. It is often used with spermicide for increased effectiveness.

3. **Cervical Caps:**
- Similar to a diaphragm but smaller, a cervical cap fits tightly over the cervix. It is also used with spermicide and can be left in place for a longer period than a diaphragm.

4. **Contraceptive Sponges:**
- A contraceptive sponge is a soft, disk-shaped device made of polyurethane foam. It contains spermicide and is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix.

5. **Spermicides:**
- Although not a barrier on their own, spermicides are often used with other barrier methods. They are chemicals that kill or immobilize sperm and are available in various forms like gels, creams, and suppositories.

### **Advantages of Barrier Contraceptives:**

- **STI Prevention:** Condoms (both male and female) are the only contraceptive methods that also reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
- **No Hormonal Side Effects:** Barrier methods do not involve hormones, making them a good option for those who cannot or prefer not to use hormonal contraceptives.
- **Over-the-Counter Availability:** Most barrier methods, especially condoms, are easily accessible without a prescription.

### **Disadvantages:**

- **Proper Use Required:** Barrier methods are most effective when used correctly every time during sexual activity. Incorrect use can lead to failure.
- **Potential Allergies:** Some people may be allergic to latex (common in male condoms) or spermicides.
- **Less Spontaneity:** Insertion of diaphragms, caps, or sponges, and application of spermicides, must be done before intercourse, which can disrupt spontaneity.

### **Effectiveness:**

- **Condoms:** When used perfectly, male condoms have a 98% effectiveness rate, but with typical use, the effectiveness drops to about 85%. Female condoms have a typical use effectiveness of around 79%.
- **Diaphragms/Cervical Caps:** These methods are about 88-94% effective with perfect use, but typical use reduces their effectiveness to about 71-88%.
- **Sponges:** The effectiveness ranges between 76-88%, depending on whether the user has previously given birth.

### **Conclusion:**
Barrier contraceptives, including condoms, offer a non-hormonal option for preventing pregnancy and, in the case of condoms, also protect against STIs. Proper and consistent use is key to maximizing their effectiveness.